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magnetic monopole
A magnetic monopole is a hypothetical elementary particle in particle physics that is an isolated magnet with only one magnetic pole (a north pole without a south pole or vice versa).〔(Dark Cosmos: In Search of Our Universe's Missing Mass and Energy, by Dan Hooper, p192 )〕〔(Particle Data Group summary of magnetic monopole search )〕 In more technical terms, a magnetic monopole would have a net "magnetic charge". Modern interest in the concept stems from particle theories, notably the grand unified and superstring theories, which predict their existence.〔Wen, Xiao-Gang; Witten, Edward, ''Electric and magnetic charges in superstring models'', Nuclear Physics B, Volume 261, p. 651–677〕〔S. Coleman, ''The Magnetic Monopole 50 years Later'', reprinted in ''Aspects of Symmetry''〕
Magnetism in bar magnets and electromagnets does not arise from magnetic monopoles. There is no conclusive experimental evidence that magnetic monopoles exist at all in our universe.
Some condensed matter systems contain effective (non-isolated) magnetic monopole ''quasi''-particles,〔 or contain phenomena that are mathematically analogous to magnetic monopoles.
==Historical background==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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